Learn how to use Swedish relative pronouns such as som
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Elin: Hej allihopa! I’m Elin. |
| Becky: Hi everyone, I’m Becky. Welcome back to SwedishPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 25 - Heading to a Swedish Celebration. In this last lesson of the series, you’ll learn how to use relative pronouns such as “som”. |
| Elin: The conversation takes place in Emma and David’s apartment. |
| Becky: It’s between Emma and her partner David. They’re using informal Swedish. |
| Elin: Great! Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Emma: David, är du klar att åka snart? |
| David: Ge mig fem minuter. |
| Emma: Skynda dig! Din mamma hatar när vi är sena. |
| David: Okej. |
| Emma: Jag och Elsa går ner till bilen. Kom när du är klar. |
| David: Okej. |
| Emma: Glöm inte att ta med dig födelsedagspresenten som vi köpte till din mamma. |
| David: Visst. Tar du då med dig blombuketten som står på bordet? |
| Becky: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Emma: David, är du klar att åka snart? |
| David: Ge mig fem minuter. |
| Emma: Skynda dig! Din mamma hatar när vi är sena. |
| David: Okej. |
| Emma: Jag och Elsa går ner till bilen. Kom när du är klar. |
| David: Okej. |
| Emma: Glöm inte att ta med dig födelsedagspresenten som vi köpte till din mamma. |
| David: Visst. Tar du då med dig blombuketten som står på bordet? |
| Becky: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| Emma: David, är du klar att åka snart? |
| Emma: David, are you ready to leave soon? |
| David: Ge mig fem minuter. |
| David: Give me five minutes. |
| Emma: Skynda dig! Din mamma hatar när vi är sena. |
| Emma: Hurry up! Your mother hates when we’re late. |
| David: Okej. |
| David: Okay! |
| Emma: Jag och Elsa går ner till bilen. Kom när du är klar. |
| Emma: Elsa and I are going down to the car. Come when you’re ready. |
| David: Okej. |
| David: Okay. |
| Emma: Glöm inte att ta med dig födelsedagspresenten som vi köpte till din mamma. |
| Emma: Don't forget to bring the birthday gift which we bought for your mother. |
| David: Visst. Tar du då med dig blombuketten som står på bordet? |
| David: Sure. Then can you bring your floral bouquet which is on the table then? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Becky: It looks like David’s mother is in for a treat! David and Emma have brought her both a present and flowers for her birthday! So do Swedes give gifts a lot? |
| Elin: Well, when it comes to occasions like birthdays and Christmas, it’s very common to give presents, at least to your family members. |
| Becky: I see. How about among friends - do Swedes give birthday and Christmas presents to their friends? |
| Elin: Some do, but it all depends on how close you are with your friends, and whether gift-giving on those occasions has become a sort of tradition between you or not. |
| Becky: Are there any other occasions on which Swedes tend to give gifts? |
| Elin: Well, you might take a gift if you’re invited to someone’s home for dinner. Also, if you have been abroad, you might bring back some souvenirs for your friends or family. |
| Becky: So keep that in mind, listeners! Now, let’s move on to the vocabulary. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Becky: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word we shall see is... |
| Elin: att skynda [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to hurry |
| Elin: att skynda [slowly - broken down by syllable] att skynda [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: att hata [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to hate |
| Elin: att hata [slowly - broken down by syllable] att hata [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: sen [natural native speed] |
| Becky: late |
| Elin: sen [slowly - broken down by syllable] sen [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: bil [natural native speed] |
| Becky: car |
| Elin: bil [slowly - broken down by syllable] bil [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: klar [natural native speed] |
| Becky: ready |
| Elin: klar [slowly - broken down by syllable] klar [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: födelsedagspresent [natural native speed] |
| Becky: birthday gift |
| Elin: födelsedagspresent [slowly - broken down by syllable] födelsedagspresent [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: blombukett [natural native speed] |
| Becky: floral bouquet |
| Elin: blombukett [slowly - broken down by syllable] blombukett [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: bord [natural native speed] |
| Becky: table |
| Elin: bord [slowly - broken down by syllable] bord [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: att glömma [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to forget |
| Elin: att glömma [slowly - broken down by syllable] att glömma [natural native speed] |
| Becky: And last... |
| Elin: som [natural native speed] |
| Becky: which |
| Elin: som [slowly - broken down by syllable] som [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Becky: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Elin: First up is the word “klar”, which means “ready”. |
| Becky: I remember that word from a previous lesson! |
| Elin: Yes, but that time, the word “klar” meant “done”. In the dialog, Emma uses the word “klar” when she says, “David, är du klar att åka snart” which means “David, are you ready to leave soon?” |
| Becky: I see, so it can also be used when we want to talk about being ready to do something. |
| Elin: Precisely! But “klar” can also correspond to the adjective “clear”, and that’s something we also covered in the previous lesson. |
| Becky: Yes, and that time, we talked about how we could use the Swedish word for “clear” to say things like, “the sky was clear”. |
| Elin: Yes, which is “himmelen var klar”. But you can also use “klar” when you’re talking about things being “clear”, as in easy to understand. |
| Becky: So how would I say, “suddenly everything became clear”? |
| Elin: “Plötsligt stod allt klart”. |
| Becky: Great! Now, let’s move on to the next word! |
| Elin: Next up is the verb “att glömma”. |
| Becky: Which means “to forget”. |
| Elin: That’s right, and “att glömma” is used very much like how “to forget” is used in English. |
| Becky: So you can use it when you’re talking about accidentally leaving something behind? |
| Elin: Yes, and that’s the way it’s used in the dialog. |
| Becky: Yes, when Emma tells David, “Don’t forget to bring the birthday gift that we bought for your mother”. But how would you say that in Swedish? |
| Elin: “Glöm inte att ta med dig födelsedagspresenten, som vi köpte till din mamma. |
| Becky: So can you also use the Swedish verb for “to forget” when you’re talking about temporarily forgetting some information? |
| Elin: Yes, you can. |
| Becky: So how would I say something like, “I have forgotten what Anna’s last name is”? |
| Elin: “Jag har glömt vad Anna heter i efternamn”. |
| Becky: I see. And how would I say, “I forgot where I put my bag”? |
| Elin: “Jag har glömt var jag ställde min väska”. |
| Becky: Perfect! Now let’s move on to the grammar! |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Elin: I this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the relative pronoun “som”. |
| Becky: Which can mean “who”, “which” or “that”. The function of relative pronouns is to replace a noun or another pronoun that has already appeared in a sentence. Being able to use relative pronouns in Swedish will help you to communicate more smoothly. |
| Elin: I think you’re right. By using a relative pronoun, you’ll sound less repetitive. |
| Becky: Great! Let’s illustrate this with an example. |
| Elin: Let’s take a sentence from the dialog. |
| Becky: Yes, when Emma says “don’t forget to bring the birthday gift that we bought for you mother”? |
| Elin: Which was, “glöm inte att ta med dig födelsedagspresenten, som vi köpte till din mamma”. |
| Becky: This sentence is an example of one where we use a relative pronoun instead of using the Swedish noun for “the birthday gift” twice. |
| Elin: Precisely. Instead of saying, “glöm inte att ta med dig födelsedagspresenten, födelsedagspresenten vi köpte till din mamma” meaning “don’t forget to bright the birthday gift, the birthday gift we bought for your mother”, you would use the relative pronoun “som” and say, “glöm inte att ta med dig födelsedagspresente, som vi köpte till din mamma”. |
| Becky: Which means, “don’t forget to bring the birthday gift that we bought for your mother”. |
| Elin: Exactly! |
| Becky: Great! But let’s get our listeners to practice that sentence! |
| Elin: Sure! Listeners, repeat after me please! |
| Elin: “Glöm inte att ta med dig födelsedagspresente, som vi köpte till din mamma”. |
| Becky: Now, maybe we also should spend some time talking about where in the sentence the relative pronoun should be placed. |
| Elin: Let’s illustrate that with a sentence that uses the relative pronoun “som”. We’ll use the sentence “låt oss dricka vinet som jag köpte i Frankrike”. |
| Becky: That means, “let’s drink the wine that I bought in France”. |
| Elin: Yes. And this type of sentence consists of a main clause, which in this example is the“låt oss dricka vinet” meaning “let’s drink the wine” part, and a subordinate clause, which is the “som jag köpte i Frankrike” meaning “which I bought in France” part. |
| Becky: I see. And at the end of the main clause, you’ll find the word - either a noun or another pronoun - that will later be replaced in the subordinate clause by the relative pronoun. |
| Elin: Precisely! So in the sentence “låt oss dricka vinet some jag köpte i Frankrike” meaning “let’s drink the wine I bought in France”, that noun “vinet” meaning “the wine”. |
| Becky: And that’s followed by the relative pronoun, which introduces the subordinate clause. |
| Elin: That’s right! The relative pronoun, which in this case is “som”, is placed directly after the noun or the pronoun, and therefore introduces the subordinate clause. |
| Becky: I’m glad we sorted that out! But let’s get or listeners to practice that sentence once! |
| Elin: Ok, listeners, repeat after me please! |
| Elin: “Låt oss drika vinet som jag köpte i Frankrike”. |
| Becky: Let’s take another example as well. How would you say, “will you take out the cake that’s in the fridge”? |
| Elin: “Tar du ut tårtan som står i kylen”. Listeners, repeat after me! |
| Elin: “Tar du ut tårtan som står i kylen”. |
| Becky: Great! But there’s one thing that I’m wondering about. |
| Elin: What’s that? |
| Becky: Does the Swedish pronoun we have used in this lesson always appear in the same form? |
| Elin: Yes, “som”, which is the most common of the Swedish relative pronouns, is the same in singular as in plural, so it always appears in the same form. |
| Becky: I see, so if I wanted to say, ”eat the grapes that are on the table” which is a sentence with a noun in plural form.... |
| Elin: You would still use “som” and say, “ät av vindruvorna som står på bordet”. Listeners, repeat after me! |
| Elin: “Ät av vindruvorna som står på bordet”. |
| Becky: And if instead I used a noun in singular, and said “get the book that’s in the bookshelf”? |
| Elin: You would still use “som” and say, “hämta boken som står i bokhyllan”. |
| Becky: Listeners, repeat after Elin please! |
| Elin: “Hämta boken som står i bokhyllan”. |
| Becky: Ok, remember as always to check the lesson notes to reinforce what you’ve learned in this lesson! |
Outro |
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| Becky: That’s it for this lesson, and for this series. We hope you enjoyed it and learned a lot! Thanks for joining us everyone, and we’ll see you in another series! |
| Elin: Hej då! |
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